THE EVOLUTION OF JUDICIAL TYRANNY IN THE UNITED STATES:
"If the judges interpret the laws themselves, and suffer none else to interpret, they may easily make, of the laws, [a shredded] shipman's hose!" - King James I of England, around 1616.
“No class of the community ought to be allowed freer scope in the expression or publication of opinions as to the capacity, impartiality or integrity of judges than members of the bar. They have the best opportunities of observing and forming a correct judgment. They are in constant attendance on the courts. Hundreds of those who are called on to vote never enter a court-house, or if they do, it is only at intervals as jurors, witnesses or parties. To say that an attorney can only act or speak on this subject under liability to be called to account and to be deprived of his profession and livelihood by the very judge or judges whom he may consider it his duty to attack and expose, is a position too monstrous to be entertained for a moment under our present system,” Justice Sharwood in Ex Parte Steinman and Hensel, 95 Pa 220, 238-39 (1880).
“This case illustrates to me the serious consequences to the Bar itself of not affording the full protections of the First Amendment to its applicants for admission. For this record shows that [the rejected attorney candidate] has many of the qualities that are needed in the American Bar. It shows not only that [the rejected attorney candidate] has followed a high moral, ethical and patriotic course in all of the activities of his life, but also that he combines these more common virtues with the uncommon virtue of courage to stand by his principles at any cost.
It is such men as these who have most greatly honored the profession of the law. The legal profession will lose much of its nobility and its glory if it is not constantly replenished with lawyers like these. To force the Bar to become a group of thoroughly orthodox, time-serving, government-fearing individuals is to humiliate and degrade it.” In Re Anastaplo, 18 Ill. 2d 182, 163 N.E.2d 429 (1959), cert. granted, 362 U.S. 968 (1960), affirmed over strong dissent, 366 U.S. 82 (1961), Justice Black, Chief Justice Douglas and Justice Brennan, dissenting.
" I do not believe that the practice of law is a "privilege" which empowers Government to deny lawyers their constitutional rights. The mere fact that a lawyer has important responsibilities in society does not require or even permit the State to deprive him of those protections of freedom set out in the Bill of Rights for the precise purpose of insuring the independence of the individual against the Government and those acting for the Government”. Lathrop v Donohue, 367 US 820 (1961), Justice Black, dissenting.
"The legal profession must take great care not to emulate the many occupational groups that have managed to convert licensure from a sharp weapon of public defense into blunt instrument of self-enrichment". Walter Gellhorn, "The Abuse of Occupational Licensing", University of Chicago Law Review, Volume 44 Issue 1, September of 1976.
“Because the law requires that judges no matter how corrupt, who do not act in the clear absence of jurisdiction while performing a judicial act, are immune from suit, former Judge Ciavarella will escape liability for the vast majority of his conduct in this action. This is, to be sure, against the popular will, but it is the very oath which he is alleged to have so indecently, cavalierly, baselessly and willfully violated for personal gain that requires this Court to find him immune from suit”, District Judge A. Richard Caputo in H.T., et al, v. Ciavarella, Jr, et al, Case No. 3:09-cv-00286-ARC in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania, Document 336, page 18, November 20, 2009. This is about judges who were sentencing kids to juvenile detention for kickbacks.
Saturday, May 23, 2015
A "Family Crime Lab" is reportedly open - reporters should proceed with caution
It has been reported that a reporting service for families has been created where families could report "bad actors" who are violators rights of families and children or are causing undue delay in Family Court proceedings - such as "attorneys, attorneys, judges, guardians, social workers, child protection workers, and government/court employees".
I am reporting it for what it's worth - as it was reported on the Internet.
Of course, before reporting anything to this reporting service, I would do a thorough background investigation of the service itself, not to end up in a situation that you are feeding complaints that will be forwarded to the objects of the complaints for further retaliation - no offense meant to the "Family Crime Lab", if they were formed and operate in good faith.
Yet, stakes are so high that caution cannot be overrated.
Those dangerous attorney blogs...
Unfortunately, I am not the only attorney in this country who is being persecuted for criticism of judicial misconduct - far from it.
Here is a blogpost from an Illinois attorney who challenged improprieties in that state's Surrogate's Courts that leave the elderly unprotected from robbing their estates, separating them from their loved ones and depriving them of the necessary medical care, all for the sake of greed of attorneys favored by courts.
The Illinois attorney's blog was considered a very dangerous thing, warranting a 3-year suspension from the practice of law, blocking the attorney in question from her ability to help the poor with her low-cost and pro bono services.
I guess, the danger of blogs written by attorneys are in their persuasiveness, because attorneys are witnesses of judicial misconduct who, due to their everyday experience with the courts, their legal expertise and knowledge and their eloquence, may carry a very persuasive message to the public that courts in this country are corrupt and are in dire need of reform - a concept to which the general American public is increasingly awakening.
I must mention that New York appears to consider me a more dangerous person than Illinois considered JoAnne Denison - because JoAnne Denison at least was provided an evidentiary hearing and was allowed to call witnesses.
Why?
JoAnne Denison's blog presents excerpts from an evidentiary hearing in her disciplinary case.
In my case, I am too dangerous to even allow me to have an evidentiary hearing, and especially an open public hearing in the county where I practice law the most (as I requested many times), and to allow me to call witnesses - lest the public hear from the lips of the witnesses that the charges against me were fraudulent and the real reasons were to discredit me as an eloquent and active critic of judicial misconduct in this state and in this country.
Vicious retaliation by the judiciary against attorneys who criticize judicial misconduct, and deprivation of the public of services of such attorneys, mostly those who provide low-cost and pro bono services, at the time when over 80% of the public cannot afford an attorney, is why regulation of the legal profession should be removed from the hands of the judiciary and the government altogether.
The Mokay saga continues
I had an enlightening conversation with Delaware County Supreme Court Clerk Kelly Sanfilippo yesterday.
I asked Ms. Sanfilippo for access to trial exhibits in the Mokay trial that were received by the court on April 7, 2015.
Three of those exhibits are filed with the court and I already obtained copies of them a week ago.
The remaining 270 exhibits were supposed to be on file with the court, as the court marked them "RECEIVED" in the "bench trial minutes" that were not filed until I asked for them from Ms. Sanfilippo.
Ms. Sanfilippo first told me that she must have somebody from her office to supervise my review of exhibits, and we have set up an appointment for me to review the exhibits for May 27, 2015 at 10:00 am.
Then, Ms. Sanfilippo called my office and left a message that I still have, telling me that Judge Dowd prohibited me to see the exhibits until he renders a judgment in the case because the exhibits are "deemed to be with the judge", as Ms. Sanfilippo put it.
Of course, in answer to my direct question Ms. Sanfilippo has initially told me that nobody has ever checked out the exhibits, and in answer to my direct question when I called her after she left her message from the judge, Ms. Sanfilippo was not sure whether Judge Dowd will be reviewing the exhibits on Wednesday, May 27, 2015.
Yet, I was prohibited to see Exhibits that were filed with the court on April 7, 2015 and became public record anyway.
I asked Ms. Sanfilippo for at least a list of trial exhibits describing what was in the exhibits, because Ms. Sanfilippo trial minutes contained a description only of admitting exhibits "in bulk" - hundreds at a time.
Ms. Sanfilippo said that she has a list, but won't give it to me - because it was not filed yet.
Of course, when the court "receives" exhibits into evidence (as Judge Dowd did on April 7, 2015), it has the same effect as filing those same exhibits with the court and making them public record, but, apparently, in Delaware County Supreme Court, the whim of a judge and not the law, controls the court clerk Kelly Sanfilippo - especially when it concerns my husband or myself.
What is even more interesting is how Ms. Sanfilippo answered my question as to why I was already given access to three exhibits out of 273, but then Judge Dowd prohibited my access to all of exhibits.
Ms. Sanfilippo said that the 270 exhibits that were not on file with the Delaware County Clerk, even though the trial concluded on April 7, 2015, were not "filed" because, after the judgment is made by Judge Dowd, those exhibits will be returned to the party who provided the exhibits.
Of course, the majority of the exhibits were marked as "certified records of the Delaware County Clerk", while before trial those "certified records" were kept in Harlem law office without any supervision by the court as to how those records could be tainted, so I wonder how the court even accepted those records as "certified" when they left the custody of the custodian of those certified records and were kept for weeks in Harlem's law office before trial - which, to any court, would irreversibly taint those records.
At this time I am patiently awaiting an answer from Delaware County Supreme Court to my request to provide me a copy of the written decision of Judge Dowd to seal trial exhibits or prohibit my access to them before Judge Dowd comes around to actually look at the evidence that he did not look at when he was admitting it at trial.
As to the secrecy with trial exhibits, I will remind my readers of some of the history with these "trial exhibits".
I tried to have a look at them on or about March 25, 2015.
I was told by Richard Harlem's office that I can only look at them under supervision from Richard Harlem's paralegal Patrick Orr, to preserve their confidence that the certification on certified business records remains intact. Obviously, it did not concern Richard Harlem that business records certified by the Delaware County Clerk Sharon O'Dell were provided before their submission into evidence not to the court, but directly to Richard Harlem, an interested witness in the case, which tainted them beyond repair.
In fact, my requests to have those records filed with the court for my review were rejected by Judge Dowd, who expected me to submit to blackmail by Richard Harlem that I will not be able to see the "certified business records" from the Delaware County Clerk unless I agree to have my review added to Richard Harlem's bill against my client.
I also have on file an after-trial (!) submission of additional evidence (!) to the court by the "trial attorney" in the ex parte secret Mokay trial, Ms. James Hartmann of Delhi.
Of course, as a seasoned attorney, Mr. Hartmann must know that submission of evidence ended when the trial ended on April 7, 2015. Yet, seeing the general unlawfulness of how the Mokay trial was handled, James Hartmann went right ahead and made an after-trial submission of evidence anyway.
In that post-trial submission Mr. Hartmann mentioned, as part of his billing to his clients (the Mokay plaintiffs) a 12-minute conversation with Judge Dowd's court attorney (a subpoenaed witness) Claudette Newman.
Of course, none of that was disclosed to me before trial, and my motion to recuse made on other grounds, was rejected off-hand by Judge Dowd who has a history to protect misconduct of his attorney and his own misconduct and to viciously retaliate against people who make motions to recuse against him - and my husband has "erred" even more, by suing Judge Dowd in a pro se federal lawsuit and exposing Judge Dowd's likely lack of mental capacity to preside over court proceedings - which the Mokay ex parte secret trial only confirmed.
So, on top of ex parte communications with Judge Dowd evidence of which is contained in Harlem Law Office's billing statements (for which ex parte communications Richard Harlem wanted my husband to pay the Plaintiffs), James Hartmann admitted to an ex parte communication with Judge Dowd's court attorney on March 27, 2015, 11 days before trial.
That is to add to the ex parte communications of Richard Harlem's attorney David Cabaniss in a related case Neroni v. Harlem, with both judges presiding over the case - Carl Becker and Ferris Lebous, before these judges (without disclosure of ex parte communications) rendered decisions against my husband.
At least, everything falls into a pattern - a fraudulent pattern.
Richard Harlem somehow holds in fear even the New York State Attorney General's office, because the Assistant New York State Attorney General Mary Walsh whose sworn statements about Richard Harlem's and his father's misconduct in how they billed the Blanding Estate in the Otsego County Surrogate's Court and in how they defrauded the court are on file with that court, found it acceptable to perjure herself in her motion to quash my subpoena by stating, under oath, that she did not investigate Richard Harlem's billing and does not know anything about what I was calling her to testify about - and that is Richard Harlem's and his father's knowing pursuit of conflicted representation in a prior case for the sake of greed.
You can see the statements of Mary Walsh made to the Otsego County Surrogate's Court under oath that she has backed out of in front of Delaware County Supreme Court under oath - here. Mary Walsh's "objection to account" very clearly state improper billing practices of Richard Harlem and his father - proper impeachment evidence against Richard Harlem as the main Plaintiffs' witness at the Mokay trial, as Mary Walsh well knew when she was backing out of these statements.
Apparently, Mary Walsh backed out of sworn statements she filed with the Otsego County Surrogate's court by her sworn statements filed with the Delaware County Supreme Court - committing fraud upon the court in the process, ironically, in a civil Mokay case that was allegedly about fraud upon the court.
Job security is more important than honor, attorney ethics or the rule of law for Mary Walsh? Was she intimidated to back out of her sworn statements to the previous court? By whom and why is the question - she seemed fearless in the Blanding proceedings...
But, fraud upon the court from "blue blood attorneys" like Richard Harlem (son of a judge), James Hartmann (hired by son of a judge and husband to Nancy Deming, a member of judicial qualification committee in the Appellate Division 3rd Department) and Mary Walsh (Assistant New York State Attorney General) does not count.
And, since greed was the motivating factor from the get-go in the Mokay action, through greed the truth was finally revealed, because Richard Harlem and James Hartmann could not abstain from charging my husband even with their own ex parte communications with judges.
I guess, law, ethics - or elementary shame - does not play a role in Richard Harlem's and James Hartmann's universe.
And - back to the issue of the mysterious trial exhibits admitted in bulk at the stunning speed of 19 seconds per exhibit, it is very convenient for Kelly Sanfilippo to file her "list of exhibits" only after Judge Dowd makes his judgment - and after she returns the alleged exhibits to "the parties" without me or Mr. Neroni ever able to see them.
That takes care of the little problem that the boxes that were submitted as "evidence" at the Mokay trial could have had ANYTHING in them - and Judge Dowd would have gladly admitted them, and would have gladly presented it as evidence of trial.
Even though I ordered it, I will not trust authenticity of the transcript prepared by Brenda Friedel, Judge Dowd's law clerk's Facebook friend, listed as such on Claudette Newman's Facebook page three days before the Mokay trial (or former Facebook friend, Claudette Newman locked her friend-list after I blogged about that).
And, after the shenanigans of Judge Dowd and his staff that Kelly Sanfilippo obeys as a slave of the judge rather than public servant of the law and of the People of the State of New York, I will not trust a judgment from Judge Dowd with reliance on any claimed "trial exhibits" that the judge obviously did not have the time to read when they were submitted into evidence, and especially because these alleged "trial exhibits", together with the list of those exhibits are somehow secret and may not be shown to me.
Of course, those exhibits were supposed to be marked by the stenographer before being submitted to the court.
But, when trial exhibits were marked (if they were) by the stenographer who was Facebook friend of Judge Dowd's law clerk, when Judge Dowd, his law clerk and his secretary were all called as witnesses at the trial, because of Richard Harlem's billing of his ex parte communication with the chambers as part of "damages", does not inspire any trust in authenticity of the trial exhibits.
Court employees are known to go to great lengths to keep their jobs in the hard economic times, as behavior of Kelly Sanfilippo, as one of examples, shows.
The only word that begs to be pronounced to characterize this whole situation and its participants?
Crooks.
Friday, May 22, 2015
How to discipline an attorney when it is against the law
Today is Friday, May 22, 2015.
A secret hearing in my disciplinary proceeding is scheduled for May 26, 2015, that is the next business day after today.
Why secret? Because I satisfied all conditions to open proceedings to the public that are required by law:
- waived my privacy in writing - mutliple times and for months and years; and
- asked the court to open proceedings to the public and the press,
- a summary judgment must first be denied,
- then the evidentiary hearing held,
- then the fact-finding report from that evidentiary hearing filed, then motions to confirm (by the disciplinary committee) and to disaffirm (by the attorney) be filed,
- then the court decides the motions to confirm and disaffirm the referee report, and then,
- if the court decides against the attorney,
- the court allows the attorney to be heard in mitigation.
- Appellate Division 3rd Department;
- U.S. District Court for the Northern District of New York on removal;
- U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit on appeal of remand;
- Appellate Division 3rd Department on remand;
- Appellate Division 4th Department on ex parte transfer
- Appellate Division 3rd Department - judges
- John A. Lahtinen,
- Elizabeth A. Garry,
- William E. McCarthy,
- Leslie Stein, and
- Robert S. Rose; Stein was, since her illegal ex parte order of transfer, elevated to the New York State Court of Appeals;
- U.S. District Court for the Northern District of New York - judges
- Norman A. Mordue and
- David E. Peebles whose court intern was caught snooping on me on my LinkedIn account that contained political statements;
- U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit - judges
- Ralph K. Winter,
- Debra Ann Livingston, and
- Denny Chin;
- Appellate Division 3rd Department on remand - same as listed above;
- Appellate Division 4th Department on illegal ex parte transfer - judges
- Nancy E. Smith,
- Eugene M. Fahey,
- Edward D. Carni, and
- Joseph D. Valentino; judge Fahey was promoted to the New York State Court of Appeals, after his illegal "sealing" order and an order denying, without an explanation, constitutional challenges raised in my cross-motion, twice - and allowing two apparently fraudulent charges and three unconstitutional charges based on clear judicial retaliation to proceed.
Thursday, May 21, 2015
More on credibility of New York Senator John A. Defrancisco - and on his bills that appear to help his own and his son's law business. Should the feds get involved with investigation of yet another New York Senator?
I first wrote about Senator John A. Defrancisco on this blog in August of 2014 and raised the issue that the senator, along with other senators who are practicing attorneys, should be impeached for sponsoring bills and voting on bills that help their law business financially.
I do not presume to believe that Senator Defrancisco should be reading my blogs.
Yet, I do presume that Senator Defrancisco should not be continuing to sponsor bills that benefit his law business financially, and he still does it, while attempting to appear on the white horse and fighting prosecutorial misconduct in New York.
In my previous blogs today I raised issues as to credibility of New York State Senator John A. Defrancisco who was pushing his bill for a "state commission" to deal with prosecutorial misconduct, modeled after the New York State Commission for Judicial Conduct - which, as practically every complainant about judicial misconduct (rampant in New York) knows, tosses meritorious complaints, and New York courts give complainants no recourse to appeal those dismissals, leaving them not only without a remedy, but in the hands of enraged judges who know about the complaints and revenge against the whistle-blowers, with no consequences for that revenge.
What raised red flags as to credibility of Senator Defrancisco for me is, among other things, his claim that the majority of prosecutors in New York were doing their jobs properly.
First, there is no statistics to say that.
Furthermore,
- Senator Defrancisco is not a criminal defense attorney,
- has left the criminal defense field a long time ago,
- has been himself a prosecutor once and is not impartial as to his former brethren, and
- can receive plenty of statistics if he would simply care to ask currently practicing private independent (not assigned) criminal defense attorneys about incidents of prosecutorial misconduct;
- Sen. Defrancisco would not be promoting such a bill if prosecutorial misconduct would not be rampant in New York, to the point of large (and usually deferential) media sources such as ProPublica and New York Times turning their eyes in that direction.
Perturbed by Sen. Defrancisco's not-too-forthcoming statements to his electorate, I looked into Senator Defrancisco's background further.
This is what I found.
New York attorney registration shows Senator Defrancisco as being employed at a Syracuse law firm, Defrancesco:
Yet, the webiste of Defrancisco & Falgiatano law firm does not list Senator Defrancisco as one of its attorneys, but it lists a younger male with the same last name, Jeff D. Defrancisco:
It is a disciplinary violation for an attorney to provide an incorrect registration, so I wonder whether Senator DeFrancisco will be subject to attorney discipline - or his status as a Senator will protect him, the same way it protects prosecutors whose misconduct Senator Defrancisco allegedly wants to address through creating a state commission on prosecutorial misconduct.
Let's note that Jeff D. Defrancisco (as I understand, Senator's son), who, in his 15 years of practicing,
worked, besides his father's law firm, in the prestigious (and politically connected) law firm Harris Beach LLC that I wrote about on this blog, too, and in the Onondaga County District Attorney's Office.
The Onondaga County DA, according to news reports, is the law school friend and roommate of the Chief Administrative Judge of the 5th Judicial District James Tormey.
Sen. Defrancisco's law firm is located in Syracuse and is doing business there. I highly doubt that Sen. Defrancisco would want to upset his own law firm's (and his son's) business and his and his son's law licenses and livelihoods by creating a commission that would have a potential to hurt the friend of the chief administrative judge who is in charge of assigning judges to Sen. Defrancisco's and his law firm's court cases.
Or, Sen. Defrancisco would be interested to make that bill as mild as possible to create yet another paper (and toothless) tiger to deflect public anger about misconduct of public officials - but not to hurt his and his son's own business chances and financial well-being.
What further bothered me is comparison of the list of the types of cases handled by Defrancisco & Falgiatano with the list of legislative activities of Senator Defrancisco.
These are the types of cases that the D & F law firm deals with, reportedly winning multi-million dollar lawsuits for their clients:
These are some of the latest bills sponsored by Senator John A. Defrancisco:
Legislating to change court rules that make it easier for a law firm to obtain a money judgment in court, should be prohibited to a Senator who is an attorney actively practicing, along with his son, in court, due to irreconcilable conflict of interest.
The bill, once again, directly relates to Senator D's and his son's law business, and such sponsorship should be prohibited to an interested legislator.
So, Senator Defrancisco - if you want to deal with attorney misconduct, including prosecutorial - first clean up your own act as a legislator drumming up legislation for his own and his son's law business.
For shame.
If a separate state commission for prosecutorial misconduct is a necessity, attorney licensing does not have legitimacy
A year ago, with much fanfare, New York Senate announced introduction of a bill for creation of a state commission to deal with rampant prosecutorial misconduct in this state.
The headlines presented this bill as a revolutionary event "poising" New York to become the first state in the nation to deal with the issue of prosecutorial misconduct on legislative level.
One year later, there is no discernible movement on the bill, even the sponsor of the bill, Senator John A. DeFrancisco, presented the bill on YouTube recently - with a resulting whopping 45 views as of today.
I also believe that even the necessity of creating such a commission deals a heavy blow to legitimacy of attorney licensing.
New York maintains 8 (!) attorney disciplinary committees,
- 1 in the Appellate Division 1st Department;
- 3 in the Appellate Division 2nd Department;
- 1 in the Appellate Division 3rd Department, and
- 3 in the Appellate Division 4th Department
The need for attorney licensing is declared to the public to be justified because attorney licensing (and attendant discipline of attorney misconduct) allegedly protect the public from attorney misconduct.
Because of the need for a separate commission to deal with prosecutorial misconduct, it is apparent that that need is not satisfied, and not only in New York, but across the nation.
And you know what is wrong with Senator DeFrancisco's bill and why (in my opinion) it lacks credibility?
Listen to Senator DeFrancisco's video presentation of the bill.
Around 5 minutes into his speech, Senator DeFrancisco says that "almost all prosecutors do their jobs properly" and that the bill is allegedly only against a tiny number of prosecutors who commit misconduct.
Come on, Senator DeFrancisco.
You really lose credibility when you say that.
You wouldn't have introduced this bill if prosecutorial misconduct would not be rampant.
I, as a criminal defense attorney, have to see, as yet, a prosecutor, who would NOT conceal Brady material, who would NOT overcharge in order to coerce the defendant to plea-bargain, who would NOT intimidate defense witnesses, etc. etc. etc.
Such actions of prosecutors are now routine, and they are routine because of the absolute prosecutorial immunity that covers all prosecutors for any malicious and corrupt conduct during his or her prosecutorial activity, and because of a complete lack of disciplinary consequences as an attorney.
And absolute power breeds absolute corruption.
When you recognize that, Senator DeFrancisco, maybe your bill will gain a little bit of credibitility - which it totally lacks now.
And, by the way, modeling the proposed state commission on prosecutorial misconduct on the New York State Commission for judicial misconduct (a glorified shredder of public complaints against judges) is as good as announcing to people that it will be yet another waste of time and money and another decoy, a "Potiomkin village" meant to deflect public anger at unbridled prosecutorial misconduct by an appearance that it is "being taken care of".
Right.
Discovery in Family Court proceedings is routinely neglected by assigned counsel
Several readers of my blog alerted me to a problem with assigned counsel in Family Court proceedings - that counsel assigned to them pursuant to Section 722 of the New York County Law, do not do any discovery before trial, do not do any pre-trial motions and do not do any applications for funds for experts and investigators, despite, oftentimes, a dire need for such experts and investigators in particular cases.
Often, people who are speaking to me (prospective clients or simply readers of this blog), while being well into Family Court proceedings, do not even know what discovery is, and claim that their assigned counsel refuses to speak to them, dedicate any meaningful time to them, and did not do any discovery or pre-trial motion that (often reasonably) the clients ask the assigned counsel to do.
I cannot stress enough how valuable pre-trial discovery is for the success of the trial. It may be, of course, trial strategy of counsel not to do discovery.
Yet, with assigned counsel, since, based on my own experience with Family Court and assigned counsel for opponents of my clients, what it appears to be is not any kind of trial strategy, but a uniform unspoken rule of not doing discovery.
I do not know what is the reason for it, I can only guess.
Assigned counsel is paid by the County where proceedings are conducted, and there are no restrictions on pay for such a necessary work as pre-trial discovery ("reasonable expenses out of court"), unless, again, there is an unspoken rule to assign only counsel who does not do "excessive" work for their clients, such as discovery and motions, and assigned counsel are concerned for their future earnings and do not do discovery (and pre-trial motions) in Family Court for that reason, which has nothing to do with their obligation to their client in the assigned case.
Assigned counsel has power to file ex parte applications in New York, pursuant to New York County Law 722-C for experts and investigators.
In fact, the soon departing Delaware County and Family Court Judge Carl F. Becker has made a point and a policy to repeatedly deny my clients who were eligible under County Law 722-C to receive funds for experts and investigators, their entitlement to those funds funds unless they agree to assigned counsel by Judge Becker instead of me, a private counsel hired by my indigent client's relatives, even though such policy was blatantly unlawful.
Thus, for Judge Becker (and, as far as I know through my own experience and reports of my clients and my readers) entitlement to funds under County Law 722-C are tied to having assigned counsel.
Therefore, an assigned counsel in many courts is the only path to get funds from the court for experts and investigators to do pre-trial work and prepare for trial testimony.
Yet, after years of litigating in Family Court, I have yet to see where an assigned counsel would apply for such funds for experts and investigators and who would present such experts and investigators and their work at trial, and that pertains to proceedings in custody, visitation, Article 8 family offense proceedings, child abuse and neglect.
What can I say...
The indigent client must know their rights - and should be able to demand from his or her assigned counsel to do their job before trial - or ask the court to change counsel as providing ineffective assistance.
Having or not having done discovery (demands to produce, interrogatories, depositions), subpoening or not subpoening records from public entities for trial (DMV records, criminal records, social services records) which requires a motion to the court, or not doing that, subpoening or not subpoening trial witnesses, asking or not asking for funds for experts and investigators and having them do their work and present it at trial, may constitute a difference between winning and losing your custody, visitation, family offense or child neglect/abuse case.
Know your rights and insist on them.